P 196 - Composite girders in bridge construction, crack protection of loosely reinforced, continuous composite bridges

P 104 - Investigations on the reduction of noise emission from steel railway bridges by design measures As part of the research project "Investigation into the reduction of noise emission from steel railway bridges through structural measures", extensive theoretical and experimental investigations were carried out on a railway box girder bridge on behalf of the German Federal Railway and the German Steel Construction Association under the auspices of the Studiengesellschaft für Anwendungstechnik von Eisen und Stahl e.V. (Study Society for Application Technology of Iron and Steel). The main part of the investigations was carried out at the Krupp Research Institute in Essen and the Thyssen Research Centre in Kassel in cooperation with the DB Testing Institute in Munich. Sound intensity measurements and an operational vibration analysis were carried out by the company Deutsche Metravib GmbH, Ostfildern. The Federal Railway Central Office in Munich was responsible for providing the measurement trains, preparing the measurement route and coordinating all operational procedures. The Krupp Research Institute in Essen was responsible for the technical management of the project. The project began on 1 July 1984, but preparations had already been made in the spring of 1984. After preliminary investigations on approx. 10 railway bridges, the box girder bridge over the Aitrach (line kilometre 16.287, the single-track line between Leutkirch and Memmingen) built in 1980 was chosen as the test object. Although this bridge can be described as particularly quiet in comparison to other steel bridges originally considered and also to the open line, it was particularly suitable for the fundamental investigations planned here, above all because of its simple and clear construction. This report summarises all the important results and findings resulting from the project. Where cross-references ("HB") are made at certain points to another source, this is in all cases a planned documentation that may be set up at a central location at a time not yet determined. Publication: 1988 Authors: o.A.

P 102 - Experimental investigation of the load-bearing capacity of steel profile columns set in concrete with special consideration of the long-term behaviour of concrete Increasingly, composite columns are being used in industrial and building construction. Due to the small cross-sectional dimensions combined with high load-bearing capacity, the special requirements of industrial construction in particular can be met. In terms of their favourable load-bearing behaviour - especially under fire stress - concrete-encased I-profiles are of particular importance. In addition, this cross-sectional design gives the column component greater rigidity than a pure steel profile; the concrete encasement can be used as impact protection and also ensures corrosion protection. Composite columns have also proven themselves in production and assembly practice. The advantages of precast concrete construction can be utilised in the production of the columns and the proven connection technology of steel construction can be used in the assembly. The design and construction of composite columns is regulated in DIN 18806 Part 1 "Composite structures, composite columns" /1/. Taking into account the design principles for reinforced concrete columns and steel columns, this standard contains a calculation method that enables the practical calculation of composite columns. Numerous tests were analysed to develop the simplified design method of DIN 18806. These were essentially short-term tests, i.e. without the influence of creep and shrinkage of the concrete. The method specified in the standard for taking into account the influence of the long-term behaviour on the load-bearing capacity was derived from the regulations for solid construction on the basis of theoretical investigations. For concrete-filled pipes, the method has already been confirmed by tests /10/. The aim of the present test programme was to check or, if necessary, modify the regulations of the standard for concrete-filled profiles as well. Publication: 1987 Authors: Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Roik, Dr.-Ing. I. Mangerig

P 101 - Investigations into the fatigue and fatigue strength of the dowelling of composite beams using shear stud dowels Dowelling plays an extremely important role as a method of creating and securing the bond between the steel girder and the concrete chord in composite construction as a whole, but especially in composite girders. In the practice of bridge construction, welded head bolt ends of various makes have already become widely accepted. While the load-bearing and failure behaviour of shear connectors for static loads has been well researched experimentally for some time, this has not yet been the case for dynamic loads, such as those occurring in composite girders in railway and road bridge construction, crane runways and other plant engineering structures. The object of this research, the results of which are presented in this final report, is to answer these still open questions and to gain better knowledge of the fatigue and operational strength of dowelling in the sense of a safe and at the same time economical design of such structures. Taking into account the fact that individual investigations of certain sub-areas in this subject area have led to different interpretations and sometimes conflicting interpretations in various national rules and regulations, this work is intended to contribute to the fact that the knowledge gained within the framework of this research can be used both for well-founded advice on the "European Recommendations" (European Recommandations for composite constructions, Chapt. 6 Connectors/ January 1985) as well as for the development of a new German composite beam standard. The final report is divided into two volumes: Volume I contains the actual research results; the material is presented in detail and should therefore fulfil all practical requirements. Volume II summarises the data material, which is available in the form of tables of measured values, design sheets, material characteristics and plots of measured values. This volume of material is only issued on special request. STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT FÜ R ANWENDUNGSTECHNIK VON EISEN UND STAHL e.V. Publication: 1986 Authors: Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Roik, Dipl.-Ing. H. J. Holtkamp

P 100 - Development of characteristic values for the production of cold rolled profiles from the point of view of economical production of dimensionally accurate profiles Cold profiling using the roll forming process is a forming process that has been used industrially for over half a century. It allows the production of cold-formed profiles with consistent and high dimensional accuracy, some with sharp-edged bends, many curved sections, complicated double folds, with - if desired - targeted work hardening of the starting material and finally the combination of profile shaping with further processing steps such as punching, beading and bending. Although the diverse requirements and the general technical development of mechanical engineering have led to a wide variety of roll forming systems over the course of time, the technology of roll forming is still largely based on practical experience. This applies both to the dimensioning of production facilities and to the design of forming tools. This unsatisfactory situation can probably be explained essentially by the fact that the entire process - in addition to the rather difficult geometric relationships of forming - is governed by numerous working conditions which influence each other. For this reason, the Technical Committee of the German Cold Forming Association has been working closely with a well-known plant manufacturer for several years on the development and dimensioning of a machine and drive concept for research purposes. A machine and control technology solution was developed and realised which for the first time makes it possible to empirically investigate the interactions between the parameters of the production process and the properties of the product in a reproducible manner. This research work was carried out on behalf of the Studiengesellschaft für Anwendungstechnik von Eisen und Stahl e.V. by Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Schmoeckel, Institute for Forming Technology at Darmstadt Technical University. In addition to confirming some of the results of earlier investigations, new findings of practical relevance were obtained. This applies in particular to the experiments on slip reduction, which resulted in a drastic saving in the energy used, and on the relationship between the quality of the finished product and the selected forming strategy. These results represent a step towards a better understanding of the complex manufacturing process, but at the same time demonstrate the need for further intensive efforts to conduct in-depth research into roll forming technology. The research project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) and was supervised by Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH (KFA) as the project sponsor for the raw materials research programme. STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT FÜR ANWENDUNGSTECHNIK VON EISEN UND STAHL e.V. Publication: 1986 Authors: Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Schmoeckel, Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. U. Eichler