P 461 - Hydroforming of pipes with pipe sections (IHF)

P 463 - Lightweight steel structures for railway vehicles Authors: H. Haferkamp, J. Bunte, P. Cordini, A. Bormann, B. Block Publication: 2004 Abstract This research project focuses on using laser welding technology to increase the competitive potential of steel rail coaches manufactured using differential construction. It is based on the fact that rail coach manufacturing has increasingly been using integral construction with extruded aluminium profiles for the last several years. This manufacturing process is on the one hand cost-intensive, due to the expensive semi-finished parts, and on the other hand there is only limited geometrical flexibility in the rail coach body design, due to the limited variety of aluminium profiles. A laser welding technique for manufacturing stainless steel side panels for rail coaches (passenger transport) has been developed in co-operation with the Alstom-Linke-Hofmann-Busch GmbH in Salzgitter. The structures are built using differential construction. The side panels consist of a framework substructure made of profiles, on which a metal sheet outer skin is welded. In contrast to the similar structure of omnibuses, the outer skin is also load bearing (in a shearing connection). Conventional gas metal arc welding and resistance spot welding in particular cause distortions and local surface defects in the form of stamped impressions on the visible exterior. These can only be minimized by complex and personnel-intensive reworking.

P 468: Forming and further processing of flexibly rolled steel sheets (tailor-rolled blanks) for lightweight structures Compared to Tailor Welded Blanks (TWB), flexibly rolled sheets, i.e. sheets with different thicknesses in the longitudinal direction, so-called Tailor Rolled Blanks (TRB), do not have an abrupt, but a continuous thickness profile. a continuous thickness progression. The advantage of this is the better adaptation to a lightweight component geometry. In addition, the continuous change in thickness under load results in a harmonious stress curve in the transition area, so that stress peaks can be avoided. The microstructure in the transition area of the sheet thicknesses is also not affected by the thermal influence of a welding process. The aim of the research project was to investigate and further develop the possible applications of flexibly rolled sheet metal. The research work focussed on the processing of stainless steel into profile-shaped load-bearing structures in a closed process chain. This included flexible rolling, possibly followed by heat treatment, die bending of the TRB, laser welding and profile bending. The individual production steps and their interaction within the process chain were optimised with regard to the lightweight construction potential in iterative steps between experimental investigations and supplementary FEM simulation calculations. The efficiency of the new process chain was successfully demonstrated using the example of a demonstrator - in this case a front car cross member including crash boxes based on corresponding components in the Ford Focus and Audi A3. Compared to the conventional designs made from standard semi-finished products, a weight reduction of around 13% was achieved with Tailor Rolled Blanks. They also showed significantly more favourable behaviour in the crash tests carried out. Tailor rolled blanks are primarily used in the automotive industry. First and foremost here are load-adapted, weight-optimised components in the passenger car sector. For example, open and closed support structures as transverse and longitudinal beams or hollow profiles are being considered. A further application is seen in the area of crash-relevant components. Here, the deformation behaviour and energy absorption can be specifically optimised by using different wall thicknesses. STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT STAHLANWENDUNG e.V. Publication: 2002 Authors: Prof. Dr.-lng. M. Kleiner, Dr.-lng. S. Chatti, Dr.-lng. B. Heller, Dipl.-Ing. Ch. Wiedner, Dipl.-Ing. P. Böhlke

P 469: Use of steel wire for the production of solid metal catalytic converters The aim of this research project was to open up a new application for stainless steels as catalysts by means of appropriate surface activation, analogous to known solid metal catalysts based on Cu-, Co-, Mn- or Ni-rich alloys. The focus of the investigations was the development of a catalyst to minimise CO emissions during the ignition of car airbags. With the help of laboratory tests it was shown that activated stainless steel as a catalyst can reduce the CO content in the airbag propellant by approx. 80 %. In practical chamber tests, however, it was not technically possible to achieve the necessary reduction below the equilibrium temperature of approx. 850 °C for the conversion reaction in a reproducible manner with the specified generator design. In contrast, the field tests on catalytic sterilisation in swimming pools and ventilation systems were also successful on a technical scale. In the presence of a few ppm of hydrogen peroxide, water circuits were sterilised in an environmentally friendly manner without the addition of chlorine, chlorine-containing chemicals or organic biocides using activated stainless steel as a catalyst. The application benefits are worth emphasising: - No contamination with substances foreign to water, - No release of toxic or allergenic substances during germ decomposition (endotoxins) - No formation of hazardous by-products such as carcinogenic chlorinated hydrocarbons (AOX) Biofilms are automatically detached or the formation of new ones is prevented. This enables improved heat transfer and suppresses biologically induced corrosion phenomena. The specifications of the VDI guideline 6022 for the Flygiene operation of ventilation and air conditioning systems of max. 103 CFU/ml can be safely complied with. The tests carried out in the project on disinfection are now being used in an industrial application in the retrofitting of a 140 metre high cooling tower with a throughput of 50,000 m3 of water per hour. This involves the use of 1.5 tonnes of stainless steel mesh as a catalyst and a further 6 to 7 tonnes of steel materials for support elements. STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT STAHLANWENDUNG e.V. Publication: 2003 Authors: Dr rer. nat. H. Lausch

P 510 - Development of a laser-assisted process for straightening and clamping components in the application for saw blades made of steel with higher surface hardness Circular saw blades consist of the cutting tool body (blade) and the cutting parts attached to it. Tool steels with a constant hardness of 38 to 46 HRC across the cross-section are used for the blade body. The cutting parts for wood and wood-based material processing are mainly carbide teeth attached to them by brazing, and diamond segments for stone processing by brazing and laser welding. When using saw blades, there is a requirement for a narrow kerf and stable blade behaviour. These requirements are met by using stiffer saw blades and by adjusting the dynamic behaviour of the cutting parts. A reduction in the kerf width and stable blade behaviour due to stiffer blades was achieved by using case-hardened pre-material. The steel grades 13CrMo4-5 (1.3566) and 14NiCr14 (1.5752) with a low carbon content were used and case-hardened. Due to the high surface hardness of up to 60 HRC, the mechanical forming required for clamping and straightening is only possible with increased effort, so that the straightening and clamping process must be carried out by other methods, e.g. by localised short-term heating. With the laser straightening process, surface crack-free forming could be achieved in preliminary tests. This demonstrated the general suitability of the laser levelling process. The risks of the process lie in the fact that the complex heat treatment process of case hardening the sheet metal must be adapted to the requirement profile of the circular saw blades without leading to excessive distortion of the components. The diverse parameter variations of case hardening must be taken into account. This increases the overall component strength (fatigue bending fatigue strength). This reduces the bending vibrations that occur during use, particularly at high speeds. The result is a reduction in noise emissions and an improvement in cutting quality. Due to the higher component strength, the blade thickness can be reduced. The project objectives of developing a process for manufacturing sawing tools from sheet metal with a higher surface layer hardness and a method for straightening and clamping using a laser beam to reduce the kerf width, increase the cutting surface quality and minimise the environmental impact were achieved. The new tools were trialled during the work in industry, and the aim is to implement them in daily production in the medium term. STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT STAHLANWENDUNG e.V. Publication: 2003 Authors: Dr.-Ing. G. C. Stehr, Dipl.-Ing. U. V. Münz