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In the discussions about the use of rectangular hollow sections as crane runway girders, it became apparent that their use in light crane systems appears to make perfect sense. The construction of crane runway girders …
In the discussions about the use of rectangular hollow sections as crane runway girders, it became apparent that their use in light crane systems appears to make perfect sense. The construction of crane runway girders with these profiles offers various advantages over the I-section profiles normally used. One advantage of rectangular hollow sections in this context is the significantly higher torsional rigidity due to the closed cross-sectional shape for absorbing the horizontal forces resulting from crane operation. Another reason for the use of hollow sections is visual considerations. However, special attention must be paid to the attachment of the crane rail and the support of the beam on the support brackets. This research project is intended to make a contribution to clarifying the behaviour of rectangular hollow sections from the point of view of fatigue and operational strength.
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P 130 - Ensuring high quality of welded steel structures by means of statistically assessed quality control and welding simulation Notched bar impact toughness tests on heat-affected zones of welded micro-alloyed fine-grained structural steels often show considerable scatter in the notched bar impact energy values despite identical production conditions. On the one hand, these scatters are due to geometric influences such as sampling locations, notch positioning, crack progression in the HAZ etc. as well as process-related influences such as the width of the HAZ, non-linear progression of the fusion line, grain size differences after the growth phase within the HAZ, inaccurate test conditions. On the other hand, the deviations are due to different base material conditions caused by different batches and small differences in the thermomechanical rolling process. These variations have not yet been recorded statistically, i.e. neither qualitatively nor quantitatively. Similarly, there is still no criterion for predicting the impact strength values of the HAZ of welded joints from the mechanical-technological properties of the base material. The mechanical-technological properties of micro-alloyed fine-grain structural steels depend largely on the choice of alloying elements, the degree of impurity, the existing precipitation state, the cooling conditions and, if carried out, on thermomechanical treatment. In the large-scale production of these fine-grained structural steels, however, it is not always possible to adhere exactly to the specified target values and treatments. This inevitably results in different material properties. The more complicated the manufacturing process of a micro-alloyed fine-grained structural steel is, the more likely it is that the resulting mechanical-technological properties, especially with regard to weldability, will be significantly worse than the target specification due to a random sequence of treatment steps during production that leads to negative quality values. The failures of notch impact energy values on welded joints observed particularly on micro-alloyed fine-grained structural steels, which are due to a lack of toughness properties in the HAZ despite the prescribed heat treatment during welding, cannot yet be predicted before the weld is completed. Detailed studies on this subject do not yet exist. As predicting the toughness properties of the HAZ of a welded joint before processing is not yet state of the art, quality values can only be determined after welding has been completed. If a statistically validated method for predicting toughness were determined, costly and time-consuming subsequent testing procedures could at least be limited. In addition, the early detection of bad batches is also a way of ensuring high product quality and thus avoiding considerable quantities of rejects. Publication: 1988 Authors: Prof. Dr.-Ing. F. Eichhorn
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P 100 - Development of characteristic values for the production of cold rolled profiles from the point of view of economical production of dimensionally accurate profiles Cold profiling using the roll forming process is a forming process that has been used industrially for over half a century. It allows the production of cold-formed profiles with consistent and high dimensional accuracy, some with sharp-edged bends, many curved sections, complicated double folds, with - if desired - targeted work hardening of the starting material and finally the combination of profile shaping with further processing steps such as punching, beading and bending. Although the diverse requirements and the general technical development of mechanical engineering have led to a wide variety of roll forming systems over the course of time, the technology of roll forming is still largely based on practical experience. This applies both to the dimensioning of production facilities and to the design of forming tools. This unsatisfactory situation can probably be explained essentially by the fact that the entire process - in addition to the rather difficult geometric relationships of forming - is governed by numerous working conditions which influence each other. For this reason, the Technical Committee of the German Cold Forming Association has been working closely with a well-known plant manufacturer for several years on the development and dimensioning of a machine and drive concept for research purposes. A machine and control technology solution was developed and realised which for the first time makes it possible to empirically investigate the interactions between the parameters of the production process and the properties of the product in a reproducible manner. This research work was carried out on behalf of the Studiengesellschaft für Anwendungstechnik von Eisen und Stahl e.V. by Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Schmoeckel, Institute for Forming Technology at Darmstadt Technical University. In addition to confirming some of the results of earlier investigations, new findings of practical relevance were obtained. This applies in particular to the experiments on slip reduction, which resulted in a drastic saving in the energy used, and on the relationship between the quality of the finished product and the selected forming strategy. These results represent a step towards a better understanding of the complex manufacturing process, but at the same time demonstrate the need for further intensive efforts to conduct in-depth research into roll forming technology. The research project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) and was supervised by Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH (KFA) as the project sponsor for the raw materials research programme. STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT FÜR ANWENDUNGSTECHNIK VON EISEN UND STAHL e.V. Publication: 1986 Authors: Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Schmoeckel, Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. U. Eichler
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